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              <p>机器学习(Machine Learning, ML)是一门多领域交叉学科，涉及概率论、统计学、逼近论、凸分析、算法复杂度理论等多门学科。专门研究计算机怎样模拟或实现人类的学习行为，以获取新的知识或技能，重新组织已有的知识结构使之不断改善自身的性能。机器学习牵涉的编程语言十分之广，包括了MATLAB、Julia、R、Perl、Python、Clojure、Ruby等等。<br>为了让开发者更加广泛、深入地了解机器学习，云栖社区组织翻译了GitHub Awesome Machine Learning 资源，涵盖24种编程语言的机器学习的框架、库以及其他相关资料。<br>
          
      
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    <article id="post-the-9-best-languages-form-crunching-data" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
  
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              <p>有关大数据的话题一直很火热。伴随着信息的爆炸式增长，大数据渗透到了各行各业，广泛应用于公司中，同时也使得传统的软件比如 Excel 看起来很笨拙。数据分析不再只是书呆子的事，同时其对高复杂性分析、实时处理的需求也比以往更加庞大。</p>
<p>那么筛选海量数据集最优的工具是什么呢？我们咨询了一些数据黑客关于他们在数据分析的核心工作中最喜欢的编程语言和工具包。<br>
          
      
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    <article id="post-github-awesome-bigdata" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
  
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              <pre><code>当前，整个互联网正在从IT时代向DT时代演进，大数据技术也正在助力企业和公众敲开DT世界大门。当今“大数据”一词的重点其实已经不仅在于数据规模的定义，它更代表着信息技术发展进入了一个新的时代，代表着爆炸性的数据信息给传统的计算技术和信息技术带来的技术挑战和困难，代表着大数据处理所需的新的技术和方法，也代表着大数据分析和应用所带来的新发明、新服务和新的发展机遇。
为了帮助大家更好深入了解大数据，云栖社区组织翻译了GitHub Awesome Big Data资源，供大家参考。本资源类型主要包括：大数据框架、论文等实用资源集合。
</code></pre>
          
      
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    <article id="post-a-low-scientist-how-to-get-nobel-prize" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
  
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      <a class="article-title" href="/2016/05/01/a-low-scientist-how-to-get-nobel-prize/">一个逗逼的科研狗是如何成为诺贝尔奖得主的</a>
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              <p>首先来认识一下今天的主角——Andre Geim （以下简称AG）。他的科学才华无与伦比。在他的眼中，科研是一个满足自己好奇心的游戏。并且在十几年的时间中，玩耍出了很多惊世骇俗的科学成果，让所有苦行僧一样的科研狗们羡慕不己。<br>但当他还是一只科研狗的时候，也曾经四面楚歌,苦逼到饭都吃不起的地步。<br>事实一再印证，命运之神会眷念每一个逗逼。于是，他终于发现了牛B的石墨烯，使人类的科技从硅时代一跃进入碳时代，并为自己赢得了科学家的最高奖——诺贝尔物理学奖。<br>他曾一无所有，他将拥有一切。他神一般的存在，只为证明一个真理：好奇心才是科学的第一推动力！！！<br>
          
      
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              <p>集成电路产业的特色是赢者通吃，像Intel这样的巨头，巅峰时期的利润可以高达60%。那么，相对应动辄几百、上千元的CPU，它的实际成本到底是多少呢？<br>
          
      
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        <p>一个收集Python资源的网站，框架、包、软件和其它资源都很棒，自带搜索功能，极为方便。<br>网站链接：<a href="https://python.libhunt.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://python.libhunt.com/</a></p>

      
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              <p>Intel宣布：驱动Arduino 101 and Genuino 101两款设备的实时操作系统（RTOS）的源代码开源，以供Hack和研究之用。<br>
          
      
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        <p>2001年的一篇论文Studying the Language and Structure  in non-programmers’ solutions to programming problems (编程问题的非程序员解决方案之研究)。编程是一个复杂的活计，经常让初学者摸不着头脑，本论文探讨了用非程序员的角度来解决编程的问题，旨在让编程语言更容易学习和使用，这是因为语言更好地匹配了初学者的能力。</p>
<p>原文载于：<a href="http://alumni.cs.ucr.edu/~ratana/PaneRatanamahatanaMyers00.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external">http://alumni.cs.ucr.edu/~ratana/PaneRatanamahatanaMyers00.pdf</a><br>下载链接: <a href="http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i5fnlsx" target="_blank" rel="external">http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i5fnlsx</a> 密码: pd5e</p>

      
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        <figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div><div class="line">51</div><div class="line">52</div><div class="line">53</div><div class="line">54</div><div class="line">55</div><div class="line">56</div><div class="line">57</div><div class="line">58</div><div class="line">59</div><div class="line">60</div><div class="line">61</div><div class="line">62</div><div class="line">63</div><div class="line">64</div><div class="line">65</div><div class="line">66</div><div class="line">67</div><div class="line">68</div><div class="line">69</div><div class="line">70</div><div class="line">71</div><div class="line">72</div><div class="line">73</div><div class="line">74</div><div class="line">75</div><div class="line">76</div><div class="line">77</div><div class="line">78</div><div class="line">79</div><div class="line">80</div><div class="line">81</div><div class="line">82</div><div class="line">83</div><div class="line">84</div><div class="line">85</div><div class="line">86</div><div class="line">87</div><div class="line">88</div><div class="line">89</div><div class="line">90</div><div class="line">91</div><div class="line">92</div><div class="line">93</div><div class="line">94</div><div class="line">95</div><div class="line">96</div><div class="line">97</div><div class="line">98</div><div class="line">99</div><div class="line">100</div><div class="line">101</div><div class="line">102</div><div class="line">103</div><div class="line">104</div><div class="line">105</div><div class="line">106</div><div class="line">107</div><div class="line">108</div><div class="line">109</div><div class="line">110</div><div class="line">111</div><div class="line">112</div><div class="line">113</div><div class="line">114</div><div class="line">115</div><div class="line">116</div><div class="line">117</div><div class="line">118</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// linux 系统编译通过  </span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// gcc filename.c -o filename  </span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// ./filename  </span></div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>  </span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>  </span></div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> ip_hdr_8[] =   </div><div class="line">&#123;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x45</span>,<span class="number">0x00</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x00</span>,<span class="number">0x3c</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x00</span>,<span class="number">0x00</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x00</span>,<span class="number">0x00</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x40</span>,<span class="number">0x01</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x00</span>,<span class="number">0x00</span>,  <span class="comment">// checksum  </span></div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0xc0</span>,<span class="number">0xa8</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x01</span>,<span class="number">0x25</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0xda</span>,<span class="number">0x3c</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x06</span>,<span class="number">0x82</span>  </div><div class="line">&#125;;  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span> ip_hdr_16[] =   </div><div class="line">&#123;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x4500</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x003c</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x0000</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x0000</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x4001</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x0000</span>,     <span class="comment">// checksum  </span></div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0xc0a8</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x0125</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0xda3c</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="number">0x0682</span>  </div><div class="line">&#125;;  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">checksum_8</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> cksum, <span class="keyword">void</span> *pBuffer, <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> size)</span>  </span></div><div class="line">&#123;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">char</span> num = <span class="number">0</span>;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> *p = (<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> *)pBuffer;  </div><div class="line">   </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ((<span class="literal">NULL</span> == pBuffer) || (<span class="number">0</span> == size))  </div><div class="line">    &#123;  </div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> cksum;  </div><div class="line">    &#125;  </div><div class="line">     </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (size &gt; <span class="number">1</span>)  </div><div class="line">    &#123;  </div><div class="line">        cksum += ((<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span>)p[num] &lt;&lt; <span class="number">8</span> &amp; <span class="number">0xff00</span>) | (<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span>)p[num + <span class="number">1</span>] &amp; <span class="number">0x00FF</span>;  </div><div class="line">        size  -= <span class="number">2</span>;  </div><div class="line">        num   += <span class="number">2</span>;  </div><div class="line">    &#125;  </div><div class="line">     </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (size &gt; <span class="number">0</span>)  </div><div class="line">    &#123;  </div><div class="line">        cksum += ((<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span>)p[num] &lt;&lt; <span class="number">8</span>) &amp; <span class="number">0xFFFF</span>;  </div><div class="line">        num += <span class="number">1</span>;  </div><div class="line">    &#125;  </div><div class="line">   </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (cksum &gt;&gt; <span class="number">16</span>)  </div><div class="line">    &#123;  </div><div class="line">        cksum = (cksum &amp; <span class="number">0xFFFF</span>) + (cksum &gt;&gt; <span class="number">16</span>);  </div><div class="line">    &#125;  </div><div class="line">     </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ~cksum;  </div><div class="line">&#125;  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span> <span class="title">checksum_16</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span> *addr,<span class="keyword">int</span> len)</span>  </span></div><div class="line">&#123;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span> chksum;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> sum = <span class="number">0</span>;  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span>(len &gt; <span class="number">1</span>)  </div><div class="line">    &#123;  </div><div class="line">        sum += *addr++;  </div><div class="line">        len -= <span class="number">2</span>;  </div><div class="line">    &#125;  </div><div class="line">      </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(len == <span class="number">1</span>)  </div><div class="line">        sum += *(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">char</span>*)addr;  </div><div class="line">          </div><div class="line">    sum = (sum&gt;&gt;<span class="number">16</span>) + (sum &amp; <span class="number">0xffff</span>);  </div><div class="line">    sum += (sum&gt;&gt;<span class="number">16</span>);  </div><div class="line">    chksum = ~sum;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (chksum);  </div><div class="line">&#125;  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span>  </span></div><div class="line">&#123;  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span> chksum;  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"--------------------------------------------\n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">      </div><div class="line">    chksum = checksum_8(<span class="number">0</span>,ip_hdr_8,<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(ip_hdr_8));  </div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"checksum_8 = 0x%04x \n"</span>,chksum);  </div><div class="line">    ip_hdr_8[<span class="number">10</span>] = chksum &gt;&gt; <span class="number">8</span>;  </div><div class="line">    ip_hdr_8[<span class="number">11</span>] = chksum &amp; <span class="number">0xff</span>;  </div><div class="line">      </div><div class="line">    chksum = checksum_8(<span class="number">0</span>,ip_hdr_8,<span class="number">20</span>);  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(chksum)  </div><div class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Checksum_8 is incorrect! \n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span>  </div><div class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Checksum_8 is correct! \n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">  </div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"--------------------------------------------\n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">      </div><div class="line">    chksum = checksum_16(ip_hdr_16,<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(ip_hdr_16));  </div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"checksum_16 = 0x%04x \n"</span>,chksum);  </div><div class="line">    ip_hdr_16[<span class="number">5</span>] = chksum;  </div><div class="line">      </div><div class="line">    chksum = checksum_16(ip_hdr_16,<span class="number">20</span>);  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(chksum)  </div><div class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Checksum 16 is incorrect! \n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span>  </div><div class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Checksum 16 is correct! \n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">      </div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"--------------------------------------------\n"</span>);  </div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>from:<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/immember/article/details/41244507" target="_blank" rel="external">http://blog.csdn.net/immember/article/details/41244507</a></p>

      
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